Bile acids

What is the formula of cholesterol? What is it formed?
In the blood, there are 4 main groups of lipids:

* Cholesterol and its esters
* Triglycerides
Phospholipids *
* Neeterifitsirovannye fatty acids.



Cholesterol belongs to a group of steroids (such as sex hormones and bile acids), as it contains in its composition cyclic structures.
Ester cholesterol = cholesterol + fatty acid.
Triglycerides - is what is commonly in use is called fat. Triglyceride = glycerol + 3 fatty acids.
Glycerin - a polyhydric alcohol, a well-known women as an integral part of many cosmetics.
Fatty acid - an organic acid, a part of fat, it often has a large hydrocarbon tail (if it is acetic acid is 1 carbon atom, then their 15 palmitic and stearic at many as 17).
Phospholipids - a complex lipids consisting of glycerol, fatty brand name viagra acids, phosphoric acid and a nitrogen-containing compounds. They are part of the cell membranes of animals, plants and microorganisms.
If fatty acid is not part of the fat, then it is called neeterifitsirovannoy.
Cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids form complexes with proteins - lipoproteins.
Cholesterol.

* Functions of cholesterol:
o part of the cell membrane
+ Regulates its permeability
+ Regulates the activity of membrane enzymes
o is a precursor of some biologically active substances
+ Steroid
+ Vitamin D
+ Bile acids.

* Sources of cholesterol:
o food (eggs, butter, etc.)
o synthesis of atsetilKoA in the liver and intestine (in the body).

* Removal of excess cholesterol is using high-density lipoprotein. It carries cholesterol in the liver, then it turns into bile acids that are excreted in bile into the intestine.

Cholesterol - is not only atherosclerosis! Not one cell of our body can not do without him because he is a member of their membranes. The problem with most modern people is that they eat too many foods that contain cholesterol, so the body can not manage to get rid of its surplus.

High cholesterol in the blood serum does not necessarily lead to atherosclerosis. For the development of the latter requires that the inner wall of the arteries was damaged, and contribute to this stress, high blood Viagra Is it possible Viagra will help you pressure (hypertension). In addition, the likelihood of "grow" in their vessels atherosclerotic plaques depends on how much of our serum contained high-density lipoprotein (negative risk factor). Than their smaller, the greater the risk.
Dangerous not so much cholesterol as a combination of its high concentration in the blood serum with a low content of HDL and the inner walls of blood vessels, so it is better to avoid risks and have normal cholesterol levels.

* Normal cholesterol content in blood serum:
newborns 1,3 - 2,6 mmol / l
1 year 1.82 - 4.94 mmol / l
2 years - 14 years 3.74 - 5.2 mg / dL
adults 3,9 - 5,2 mmol / l

* When the level of cholesterol in the blood ...
o atherosclerosis
o diabetes
o liver diseases
o as hereditary hypercholesterolemia (an inherited condition, showing rising levels of cholesterol in the blood, and consequently the early development of atherosclerosis).
slight hypercholesterolemia 5,2 - 6,5 mmol / l
moderate hypercholesterolemia 6.7 - 7.8 mmol / l
severe hypercholesterolemia more than 7,8 mmol / l

* When the cholesterol level in blood drops ...
o for thyrotoxicosis
o as cachexia (wasting)
o in acute pancreatitis.
If hyperthyroidism develops in old age, the cholesterol level may be normal or even elevated.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL, a-lipoproteins).

* Features high-density lipoproteins:
High-density lipoprotein transferred fatty acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides. Compared with other forms of transport (chylomicrons, LDL and very low density), they contain lots of protein and therefore more durable. Penetrating into the vessel wall, they are not only not "fall apart" with the release of cholesterol, and vice versa "capture" it and blow into the liver.

* Normal maintenance of high-density lipoproteins in serum:
newborns 0,7 - 1,8 g / l
1 year 0.8 -2.8 g / l
teens and adults 1,5 - 3,3 g / l

* When the level of high density lipoproteins in the blood ...
o in alcoholism.

* When the level of high density lipoproteins in the blood falls ...
o as obstructive jaundice and other liver diseases
o for chlamydia
o people who are on parenteral nutrition (in intravenous nutrients - glucose, fat emulsion, protein preparations).

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